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Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: A Review

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into drug discovery presents a significant advancement in the pharmaceutical industry. Artificial Intelligence has the  ability to analyze large datasets, predict biological activity, and streamline complex processes in transforming traditional methodologies.  This review outlines the current applications, benefits, and future prospects of Artificial Intelligence in drug discovery. Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Target Identification and Validation: Artificial Intelligence algorithms analyze genetic and proteomics data to identify potential drug targets. The Machine learning(ML) models can predict the importance of these targets to specific diseases thereby fastening the initial phases of drug discovery. Compound Screening:  Virtual screening powered by Artificial Intelligence evaluates large libraries of compounds to identify potential drug candidates. The Deep learning(ML) models can predict how these
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The functional consequences of disease recurrences and progression in cancer patients

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Metastatic progression to the bone and spine is a complex process influenced by a combination of genetic factors and cellular mechanisms. Understanding these processes provides insights into the functional consequences of disease recurrence and progression, especially in cancer patients. Genetic Predictors of Metastatic Progression Genetic Mutations and Alterations: Driver Mutations: Specific mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can drive cancer progression. For instance, mutations in genes such as TP53, KRAS, and PIK3CA are known to be associated with increased metastatic potential. Genetic Instability: High levels of genomic instability can lead to an increased likelihood of acquiring further mutations that support metastatic behavior. This instability is often due to defects in DNA repair mechanisms, such as mutations in BRCA1/2. Gene Expression Profiles: Pro-metastatic Gene Signatures: Certain gene expression profiles can predict a higher likelihood of met
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Antibiotics Resistance In Breast Cancer

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and growing concern worldwide, and its impact is felt in various fields, including cancer care. In breast cancer, AMR poses significant challenges and can have devastating consequences.  Here's a detailed and compelling teaching on antibiotics resistance/AMR in breast cancer: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its treatment often involves surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Antibiotics play a crucial role in cancer treatment, particularly in preventing and treating infections associated with chemotherapy, surgery, and other medical procedures. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), making these life-saving drugs less effective against infections. Impact of AMR on Breast Cancer Care Increased risk of infections: Breast cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing infections, particularly during
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Dual Nature of Datura stramonium: Exploring Its Medicinal Potential and Toxicity Risks.

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Plants have always played a major role in treating human traumas and diseases worldwide. The demand for medicinal plants is increasing in both Plants have always played a major role in treating human traumas and diseases worldwide.  The demand for medicinal plants is increasing in developed and developing countries due to the growing recognition of natural products.  Herbal medicine is an important part of both traditional and modern systems of medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that four billion people, about 80% of the world’s population presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care.  Numerous scientific reports suggest that medicinal plants could serve as a promising alternative to ineffective antibiotics in combating infectious diseases, among them is Datura stramonium. Datura stramonium ( D. stramonium ) is an annual plant belonging to the family Solanaceae. Other common names for  D. stramonium  include thorn apple and moonflower, it i
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Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern, where bacteria develop the ability to resist the effects of antibiotics, making these life-saving drugs less effective in treating infections. In 2018, a UK patient contracted a strain of E. coli resistant to all antibiotics, highlighting the risk of "untreatable" infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that antibiotic resistance causes 700,000 deaths annually, projected to reach 10 million by 2050 if left unchecked. What are antibiotics? Antibiotics are drugs designed to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoa. How do antibiotics work? Antibiotics work by targeting specific biochemical processes essential for bacterial survival and growth. For example, some antibiotics inhibit cell wall formation, protein synthesis, or DNA replication. What is antibiotic resistance? Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop mechanisms to evade the effects of antibio
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Awareness on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

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Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern that threatens our ability to treat infections effectively. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified AMR as one of the top 10 global health threats facing humanity. As a result, it's essential to understand the concept, causes, consequences, and ways to combat AMR. What is Antimicrobial Resistance? AMR occurs when microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs, making these life-saving treatments less effective. Antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals, are designed to target specific microorganisms. However, when these microorganisms adapt and develop resistance, the drugs become less effective, and infections become harder to treat. Types of Antimicrobial Resistance - Bacterial Resistance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and Extended-spectrum beta-lacta
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Drug Repurposing: Finding New Treatments in Existing Medications

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Alyssa grew up surrounded by the mysteries of traditional herbal remedies crafted by her father, a revered local herbalist. Her childhood was filled with tales of plants that could heal, brewed into potions that eased ailments spanning into generations. As Alyssa grew, her fascination with the healing potential of plants evolved into a passion for pharmacology. She knew that blending her heritage with modern science, driven by a curiosity sparked by her father's wisdom was worth exploring. In her quest, she discovered drug repurposing, a field where existing drugs are explored for new therapeutic purposes. With determination fueled by memories of her father's teachings, Ada embarked on a journey to bridge traditional knowledge with scientific innovation. Guided by her roots and inspired by her father's legacy, she now explores the potential of overlooked remedies, striving to unlock new treatments that could benefit millions. Drug repurposing has emerged as a promising stra
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